Immigration to the United States - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2058 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Oral History Essay Did you like this example? The United States is a nation of immigrants. This makes it essential to review the experiences of immigrants as a way of understanding how these experiences shape the economy of the country. One of the core issues of immigration to the United States is the American dream which makes immigrants relocate to the nation in pursuit of new opportunities and improved life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Immigration to the United States" essay for you Create order The number of immigrants into the United States continues to grow with the majority coming from Africa and Asia. Immigrants accounted for over 12% of the United States population in the year 2009 (Fishman, 53). More so, American history especially around 1800, immigrants into American have not been identified as Americans as seen Indian-Americans, Mexican-American, Spanish-Americas and so on. Immigrants are expected to assimilate American culture regarding values, and customs fast and shed off their homeland traditions. With this challenge, immigrants have been able to forge a unique identity which has helped them effectively blend with the rest of the American population. African immigrants into the United States are more educated and proficient in English as well as having a higher social-economic status than immigrants from other parts of the globe (Fosco, DD). It has for long been assumed that immigrants come as laborers to improve their lives. Looking at the experience of immigr ants today may shed new light into the issue of immigration. Therefore, this paper examines the experience of immigrants in acculturation to the United States. For this study, I interviewed an immigrant of African decency to establish his perception of acculturation to the United States. Thus, there is a need to have an overview of the interviewee. Therefore, the discussions in this paper rely on oral history conducted on one individual. My interviewee was a twenty-five-year-old man, Timothy, from Nigeria’s capital Lagos. While still in Nigeria, Timothy had acquired a bachelor’s degree in Economics and Management as well as a Master’s Degree in Business Management from one of the leading public universities in Nigeria. He now stays in Colorado and is pursuing another master’s degree from a University in Missouri. Like most students in Africa, Timothy started learning English from a young age and continues to study the language even past high school level. He was also a teacher in college while in Nigeria. Though he has not focused on studying English as a core subject, he was proficient in American university ev en outperforming some of the American students. His choice of coming to the United States was motivated by the financial offer and was more so interested in entering the American culture. Timothy considers returning to Nigeria but coming back to the United States remains a possibility for the future. His class and social status could be viewed as to have been critical in his transition to life in the United States. He maintains a linkage with other Nigerians in the country which maintains ties with his native country. The narration by Timothy and the development of his identity as a Nigerian-American is not a norm among Nigerian-Americans. Majority of Nigerians in America are a working class and strive hard for survival. According to Brown and Marie, 989), the migration from Nigeria is meant to escape poverty, hunger, extremism and also for job opportunities. More than 60 percent of Nigerians live below the United Nations poverty line with the majority of the population unemployment or the lucky ones, underemployed. As indicated, he is educated and still pursuing a Master’s degree. This means that in his stay, he has not experienced hostility as other migrants who came earlier or those who came primarily for jobs. Timothy’s choice of immigration was for a personal goal. He applied for a scholarship hence his moving to the United States was a deliberate and showed concerted effort. Research indicates that the level of voluntary or involuntary migration affects the level and rate of acculturation to a new culture. When immigration is involuntary, it forces an immigrant to forced status against their will. It forms an act of forced assimilation which results in marginalization and hence discrimination and social subordination. On the other hand, voluntary migration, the reception to cultural maintenance is lower. The other aspect that affects timothy is the perception of opportunity in the United States. Core to this is the American dream which he regards as the essence of having a good job, beautiful house, good car and enjoying the necessary luxuries. On the same not, motivation to studying English for Timothy was ingrown from a young age as his parents were travelers. His mother encouraged him to study English as the language would help him communicate anywhere in the world. I also enquired to Timothy about acculturation and acculturation stress in the United States. This rose as I inquired about what inspired them for being in the United States for the first time. He expressed that he was already exposed to the United States lifestyle through media. But for him, the reality was different from what was portrayed in media. Regarding acculturative stress, he said that throughout his life, he was learned of culture. He says that he had an idea of the enormous gaps between cultures. On the other hand, culture shock, which are that initial difficulty when arriving at a new culture. For him, the difference was that America was more of cities and development. He says that this was a shift from a small town into a developed city. We further discussed on his expectations on coming to the United States as based on media portrayals. Timothy developed his perception of the United States from watching American programs. These experiences shaped his understanding of the United States. From his description of the United States expectations, Timothy was living in a misconception. For instance, in the programs, America is portrayed as more of suburbs and cities with buildup areas. This was different from where he lives in America as it is a smaller town. The rush and craziness of the city in films and programs do not exist or not as in the movies. Another critical aspect of immigration was language proficiency. Though Timothy is fluent in English, he still finds a difficulty in communicating with natives; majorly due to accent. Nigerian Community in the United States Today, the number of Nigerian-owned business in America is higher compared to twenty years ago. There is a substantial number of restaurants, clubs as well as cultural events not to mention Nigerian themed businesses and church. The increase in these social amenities serves to point at the significance of the number of Nigerians abroad. It also suggests that Nigerians are inclined into staying in the state. This can further be supported by the events that more Nigerians are buying houses and paying taxes as well as sending their children to American schools (Fosco, Daily Dose). The booming number of Nigerians in the United States is looking to engage in business both internationally and locally. More people are setting up businesses in the United States rather than their home countries even with steady economic improvement in those countries. Nigerian nationals are looking to improve on their abilities and talents as well as resources for them to effectively compete in a global economy. With the increasing number of Nigerians in the United States, there has been a developed class of Nigerian-Americans. For instance, Timothy is pursuing a Master’s Degree and holds yet another Master’s Degree. The education status among Nigerians makes a professional class with contributes to the development of the identity. The proliferation of Nigerian-owned and themed businesses, restaurants, clubs, and the festival has shown, it has helped immigrants maintain strong connections with their country of origin. But one’s relationship to homelands both past and present can be affected by circumstances surrounding one’s migration, as the example of Timothy migration demonstrates. Apart from the experiences described above, there are push or pull factors that make an individual migrate to another nation. These can be viewed as the factors that compelled Timothy to come to the United States. One of the factors that contribute to Nigerians coming to the United States is family. I Nigeria, there is the threat of terror group, Boko Haram and which has been waging wars and kidnaping people on the country. The move, in this case, can be viewed as a way to safeguarding own security. The grave danger from the terror group would lead to a self-imposed exile. For, however, education was the core reasoning for migration. The United States offers better education and opportunities that home country. Acquiring education from the United States means that he would be in higher demand in his home country (Duany, 156). The Chronology website relates the transitioning in identity for Timothy as to have been greatly influenced by his academic credentials. This is because education is setting for personal growth, it would have become an essential instrument in the transition of Timothy. The notion of white supremacy to him does not exist as he fairs better than most of his white learners. His academic successes and skills, therefore, helped in setting him apart of the rest of the population and aided in his integration in a white society. Further, exposure to the English language from earlier ages made him ready to face a different culture. He is able to fit in the American society seamlessly. Though it is required that he returns to his home country, he is looking forward to returning and continuing the identity with the English language. Identity Timothy has lived in the United States for three years. In that time, he has not managed to return home. This has led him into perceiving that he is part of the mainstream American population (Dodd, NCAAFB). Despite this, he still connects with his backyard in Nigeria and has contact with Nigerian heritage. He still has hope for returning home and improving their status. In his stay in the United States, Timothy has developed duplicity of identity. He is not Nigerian any more, and he is American too. He still holds in high regard his Nigerian growing and says those cannot be left behind. Throughout the interview, he described himself as American and Nigerian. He yearns of returning to Nigeria as, though he has American perceptions, he argues that he is Nigerian all way. He noted that he felt distinctly American. Considering his official residence status, the process took time as he came to the United States using an education Visa. He says that he would very much like to naturalize, but he is afraid of being said to be a traitor to his homeland. If he chooses to remain in the United States, it would be a choice he would not regret having made. He continues to say despite having African decency. He says that blacks should stick together. The culture in the United States and Nigeria seems similar hence there would be no need for them to separate based on country of origin (Knight et al., 843). It is common that in identity, a person will identify with nationality first then region but for Timothy, the region comes first and nationality second. Conclusion This paper has expounded on the factors that contribute to the development of immigrant identity. For some immigrants, they view themselves as neither mixed not fixed, but they are dynamic in that they can fit in two or more cultures. The story of Timothy may not be unique when it comes to immigrants, but it illustrates how one’s community, class, networks, educator and language can impact on a person’s experiences and immigration circumstances. These factors contribute to shaping a sense of shared identity. It can be argued that the development of an American – Nigerian identity is not an issue of transition, but rather an issue of connection with Nigerian background. The number of Nigerians in the United States is also ballooning which has contributed to the formation of association linking Nigerian nationals in the United States. The association makes him enjoy the privilege of riding in his Nigerian heritage. His social status and education contributed immen sely in fitting in the American society. His education and English language proficiency contributed to his eventual assimilation in American society. The experience in American perhaps helped him in developing a sense of shared identity between American and Nigerian.

It/242 Week 9 FInal - 1083 Words

Wan Design Your Name IT/242 Your Instructor Name 12/22/2013 Wan Design In this scenario I will be providing information associated with the creation of a WAN for ACME Manufacturing. This business has several locations spread out all over America and requires a WAN to connect their locations in America with their newly build plant in China. With the headquarters and engineering offices in Atlanta, which are right across the street from each other, the plan would make sense to connect all communication here. There are also distribution offices in New York, Chicago, and Phoenix which will have to be connected to this network to attend the weekly company meetings and have access to information†¦show more content†¦Routers and switches will be utilized to route network signals to all areas of this large network. Telephony systems will be introduced to serve the VOIP located at each location to assist with communication needs. Wireless technologies will also be needed to assist with mobility and other devices such as printers, laptops, fax mach ines, etc. Lastly, a physical firewall will be enforced at each location to protect the network from internal and external intruders. The wireless technologies for ACME Manufacturing will be specific to the needs of the company. For example the teleconferencing between the six locations may require wireless webcams and headsets which will need to be ran on a wireless signal. These technologies may also need to utilize the satellite signals to better communicate across large physical distances. Wi-Fi may also be introduced within each building to increase mobility and productivity. The Wi-Fi technologies will be worth it because the benefit will outweigh the extra cost as the technology is easy to set up and maintain. The Router protocols implemented will be a OSPF which stands for (open shortest path first). 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Sparta Vs Athens Essay Research Paper Sparta free essay sample

Sparta Vs Athens Essay, Research Paper Sparta and Athens # 8211 ; Explain and Contrast Both Sparta and Athens were Grecian city states. Sparta was a rigorous military ruled city state where the people established themselves as a military power early. However Athens was more of a political city state that was more involved with their economical stature than their military forces. Still changes from the Iranian wars would alter the powers of the city state and slightly unite them. Sparta was a rigorous military city state. The people were Dorians who conquered Laconia. This part lies in the Peloponnesus, which lied in southern Greece. The encroachers turned the conquered people into province owned slaves, called serfs. Since the serfs greatly outnumbered their swayers, Spartans established a rigorous and barbarous system of control. The Spartan authorities had two male monarchs and a council of seniors who advised the sovereign. An assembly made up of all citizens approved all major determinations. We will write a custom essay sample on Sparta Vs Athens Essay Research Paper Sparta or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From child-hood, a Spartan prepared to be portion of the military. All newborn were examined and the healthy lived and the sickly were left to decease. Spartans wanted future soldiers or female parents of soldiers to be healthy. At the age of seven, male childs trained for a life-time in the Spartan military. They moved to the barracks and endured brutal and extended preparation. Athinais was located in Attica, merely North of the Peloponnesus. As in many Grecian city states, Athenian authorities evolved from a monarchy into an nobility. Around 700 B.C. , baronial landholders chose the head of ficials. Lords judged major instances in tribunal and dominated the assembly. Athenian wealth and power grew under the nobility. Yet discontent spread over the common mans. Merchants and soldiers resented the power of the Lords and argued that their services to Athens entitled them to more rights. As discontent spread the authorities easy moved towards a democracy. Solon, one of Athens greatest leaders, made many reforms such as criminalizing debt bondage. And freed those who had already been sod into bondage due to debt. Solon encouraged the export of olive oil and other such merchandises, helping to the economic system. The Persian war brought monolithic alteration to the people of both Sparta and Athens. The Persians were great vanquishers who crushed Rebel metropoliss with easiness. King Darius sent a big force to penalize Athens with its intervention. The Iranian ground forces landed at Marathon where Athenian forces attacked. Though they were outnumbered 2 to 1 they emerged winning. Athinais had convinced Sparta and other city states to fall in them in their conflicts. The Persians launched another onslaught and they were met with a little group of Spartans who fought manus and dentition and emerged winning. This established Athens as the most powerful city state. Although Athens and Sparta believed in two wholly different signifiers of authorities, It was Sparta non Athens who emerged winning. Athens manner of economic system led them to a aureate age while the Spartans still trained in their rough military life style and the Iranian wars did keep an huge alteration on the people of both Sparta and Athens.

Leaf Disc Experiment Essay Example

Leaf Disc Experiment Essay Photosynthesis is a process of converting light energy (trapped by chlorophyll) to chemical energy, and stores it in bonds of sugar. Photosynthesis occurs in two stages; the light (light dependant) stage and the dark (light independent) stage. The light energy is used to split water molecules, and all the colours of while light are absorbed by pigments in the chloroplasts (chlorophyll-containing plastid found in algal and green plant cell). The breakup of water releases oxygen electrons, and protons: Electrons move to the chlorophyll (green pigment) while protons are stored in the chloroplast and the oxygen is used for aerobic respiration for the plant or ejected into the atmosphere. The high speed electrons and the stored protons combine with CO2 to form glucose. 6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 (Water + Carbon Dioxide Glucose + Water + Oxygen) Photosynthesis takes place predominately in plant leaves; rarely in plant stems. The cells in these leafs store cyclical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules by breaking the energy bonds to release glucose. We will write a custom essay sample on Leaf Disc Experiment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Leaf Disc Experiment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Leaf Disc Experiment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This glucose is used as fuel for performing cellular processes, and Eucalypt trees even produce their own food through photosynthesis, by using energy trapped to use for its own life processes. Throughout this experiment, the buoyancy of the leaves was the main indicator. At first, the leaves in the syringe floated, as they were already carrying oxygen from photosynthesising in a natural environment. The syringe acted as a plunge to remove excess oxygen causing leaves to sink. Sodium bicarbonate will replace the naturally occurring carbonate ions for the purpose of the experiment. This speeds up the reaction and release of carbon dioxide gas. 0 discs of each sample of eucalyptus will be placed in different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate, and placed under an energy source which in this situation is a projector light, making it a light dependant reaction. Research Question: Is there a variation in rate of photosynthesis between different species for eucalyptus? Aim: To use the le ad disk method to measure photosynthesis in 3 species of eucalyptus trees, Hypothesis: If the eucalyptus disk rises quickly then the rate of photosynthesis will be higher because photosynthesis produces oxygen, causing buoyancy Apparatus: * Sieve * Glass beaker X3 Eucalyptus leaves (3 types) * Syringe * Deionised Water * Sodium bicarbonate solution * Hole Puncher * Light projector * Stopwatch Methodology 1. Prepare 25Ml syringe with 20 ML of deionised water. 2. Select 3 different types of eucalyptus and using a hole punch create 10 leaf discs of each species avoiding veins and ensuring to keep species separated and labelled. 3. Place the first species 10 discs into the syringe. 4. Draw back plunger holding finger over syringe opening, holding with tip upwards, release oxygen and repeat until all leaf disks are settled on the rubber plug surface of syringe. 5. Empty syringe contents into sieve, disposing of water, but moving the leaf discs into the three beakers. 6. Fill three beakers with 30Ml of NaHCO3 in each and allow leaves to sink to the bottom of the solution. 7. Place all three beakers beneath the projector light (energy source) in synchronisation, starting the stopwatch. 8. Stop the stopwatch once all ten discs have reached the surface for a particular species, and repeat until all 3 species are floating. Record results Note well: All species must be placed beneath the same light at the same time so that heat and light variables are held constant. Variable| Type| Method| Light intensity| Controlled Variable| Putting all beakers under light at same time| Size of beaker| Controlled Variable| Used 3 40ml beakers| Circumference of leaf discs| Controlled Variable| Hole punch| Amount of NaHCO3| Controlled Variable| 30ml| Types of Leaves| Independent Variable| 3 different species, all discs from same leaf| Rate of photosynthesis(time)| Dependant Variable| Stopwatch| Results Disc #| 0%| 2%| 4%| 6%| 8%| 10%| 1| | 315| 207| 221| 174| 81| 2| | 327| 229| 321| 176| 83| 3| | 338| 242| 336| 206| 99| 4| | 353| 299| 348| 214| 154| | | 431| 330| 540| 241| 157| 6| | 382| 351| 373| 191| 171| Average| | 377| 276| 377| 200. 3| 144| Discussion The graph above shows huge range in results, clearly displaying how photosynthesis rates can differ greatly even within the same plant. The time of Eucalyptus Globulus (21:00. 02) was almost double the time of the fastest species to photosynthesise: Eucalyptus Viminalis (11. 04. 30). However the cause for this range cannot be proven. E. Globulus could have a higher density or thickness than E. Viminalis, therefore it takes longer for discs to float. It could also be that E. Viminalis contains more chlorophyll and therefore increasing the rate of oxygen uptake. There are several issues with the way in which this experiment was carried out and subsequent variables overlooked: * Before leaves were introduced to heat (projector) the temperature of the deionised water and sodium bicarbonate were not controlled across all three beakers * Experiment was only undertaken once, therefore higher chance of error in result * All 10 discs were used in the results, also ensuing in a higher chance of error to occur * Timing was ineffective and too broad; ‘lap’s’ should have been taken each ime a disc rose. * To quicken the experiment, more sodium bicarbonate could’ve been used to make results more relative Should the experiment be repeated in future, possibly more leaves should be tested from each species; i. e. 3 species, 3 leaves used of each species, 10 discs out of each leaf. Conclusion In conclusion, the aim was correct as photosynthesis occurred in all leaf discs and was measured appropriately. In response to the hypothesis, it is possible that Eucalyptus Viminalis had the fastest rate of photosynthesis because all discs rose in the shortest amount of time because of higher levels of buoyancy. However this could be argued with more precise timing and repetition of experiment as mentioned in the discussion.

Factors Influencing Perception on Same

Abstract The topic of the same-sex marriage has attracted heated debate over the years in the USA. The protagonists and antagonists of this marriage institution have always clashed over the tenet of the same-sex marriage against the moral standards of the society. This paper supports the argument that marriage of homosexual couples should be allowed holding this view as a dependent variable.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Influencing Perception on Same-sex marriage in the American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through case study research, this paper explores the independent variables of gender, ethnicity and religious affiliation and their influence on homosexual marriage. The scope of the research is restricted to perceptions of the participants of the research case studies on homosexual marriage. Introduction In defining homosexual marriage, anthropologists formulate valid cross-cultural var iations of modern and traditional forms. Same-sex marriage, just like any other form of marriage, is a union of two adults, though of the same sex, in a domestic arrangement with each member having defined roles to play. Over the years, homosexual couples have raised debates in the conservative American society (Baker, 2010). Specifically, religious and conservative groups have been the most active in opposing homosexual couples getting married (Hunter, 2012). Despite these divergent opinions, homosexual couples have spread across several states of the USA and is now legal in the states of Iowa, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Vermont and Massachusetts (Sherkat, Vries Creek, 2009). Several strategies have been embraced by the supporters, sympathizers and activists of gay marriage to get support of the public on the need to stop prejudicing gay and lesbian unions. For instance, the assimilation approach has positively resulted on gays in the USA (Baker, 2010). The members of this group have managed to convince society on the need to co-exist by employing civil rights movements, public protests, and race riots as actualized by the Sin Sity Sisters of Las Vegas (Sherkat, Vries Creek, 2009). The dependent variable in this research paper is that homosexuals should have the right to marry one another. Specifically, the research paper will examine the independent variables of gender, ethnicity and religious affiliation on the same-sex marriage. Through reviewing the relationship between the same-sex marriage and these independent variables, it is possible to determine the occurrence of the same-sex marriage and its current position in the United States of America. Literature Review Ethnicity Ethnicity or race has direct influence on individual perception of homosexual couples and same-sex marriage. Through mixed research and social surveys carried in 2009, Sherkat, Vreis, and Creek (2009) established that racial divide has direct influence on perception of homosexual c ouples.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through survey interviews involving 180 participants from the white and African American communities with equal representation, Sherkat, Vreis, and Creek (2009) resumed that 70% of the respondents of African American origin opposed homosexual marriage as compared with the 30% opposition by the white American ethnic groups. Specifically, within the African American respondents, the main reason for this opposition was cited as conservative family norms and Protestantism faith which cannot accommodate same-sex marriage (Sherkat, Vries Creek, 2009). On the other hand, 30 percent of respondents of the white race that opposed same-sex marriage argued that homosexual couples’ behavior was against the social norms (Sherkat, Vries Creek, 2009). Generally, it is important to note that gender variation within each ethnic group of study did no t affect the response rate. Ethnicity has a strong influence on the perception of an individual on same-sex marriage. The authors were in a position to explain the impact of ethnicity as influenced by conservative norms and personal beliefs. This article provides a preview of the independent variable of ethnicity on same-sex marriage research. Religion Nearly all the societies seem to have more opponents of same-sex marriage than its proponents on the basis of religion. Specifically, religiously based opposition has constantly and openly fought against this practice. Through empirical research involving 320 respondents from mainstream churches and protestant churches with equal representation, Baker (2010) indicated that 80% of respondents from Protestant churches opposed same-sex marriage citing religious conflict and bad influence it has on society as compared to 63% of respondents sharing the same view from mainstream churches in a sample of 320 religious respondents (Baker, 2010 ). The author noted that in the previous voting for and against the ‘Proposition 8’ which was seeking to illegalize same-sex marriage, the predominantly Christian voters carried the day by winning at 52% in support of the ‘Proposition 8’while 48% voted against the bill. Besides, several exit polls have reaffirmed that position among the Christians as compared to other religious groups.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Influencing Perception on Same-sex marriage in the American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, in an informal exit poll carried in 2010 in California, the author noted that the self identified church leaders had a support percentage of 81% for the bill against legalization of same-sex marriage (Baker, 2010). At the same time, the author noted that 84% of the respondents who confessed of attending church services frequently voted to support the ‘ Proposition 8’. On the other hand, only 17% of non-Christian respondents supported ‘Proposition 8’. It is important to note that religion has direct influence on perception of same-sex marriage (Baker, 2010). Generally, Christians who frequently attend church services are more likely to oppose same-sex marriage than non Christians or members of other religious groupings as it was observed in the Californian â€Å"Proposition 8’vote. The Christian antagonists of same-sex marriage cited the breakdown of societal norms proving that it was leading to the emergence of destructive and traumatizing developments within the society which may have made young people seek comfort in same-sex relationships. In response, the youth may resort to social tendencies of same-sex relationships as a protest leading to their categorization as same-sex couples in adulthood. The treatment of same-sex couples in the Christian society as outcasts and their exclusion from societal activities in the USA will not significantly change or come to the end in the near future. This article is critical in providing the current position of the independent variable of religion which is part of the scope of the research topic. Gender The male gender is more likely to oppose same-sex marriage than females when all the other factors are held constant. Through a case study research, Hunter (2012) found out that 67% of the male respondents opposed view of homosexual couples as compared 47% of female respondents in a sample space of 200 (Hunter 2012). The author noted that the main reasons for strong opposition from the male gender was in the conflicts of gender roles since the traditional marriage define couple as a man and a woman who have specific roles to fulfill (Hunter 2012). A self-regulating society offers a facilitated explanation for the gender differences in support for same-sex marriage. The author is intrinsic to the above idea and is consistent in exploring pos sible reasons behind specific antagonist and protagonist inclination on same-sex marriage. Hunter (2012) found out that the male members of the society expected gender conformity and based their argument on the roles to be played by each member of the marriage institution. However, the female population has more support for same-sex marriage than male gender due to changing role issues which the research could not explain (Hunter 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Males are more likely to oppose same-sex marriage than their female counterparts, irrespective of other dependent and independent factors. Male gender’s opposition is mainly influenced by belief that the gender roles in marriage will conflict. This article presents an overview of the gender variable which will be tested in the research. Hypothesis In order to capture a comprehensive understanding of the perspectives related to same-sex marriage, it is essential to reflect on the factors that influences same-sex marriage among the young adults in America. The first hypothesis of this reflective study is that individuals raised in loose religious foundation are more likely to support same-sex marriage than individuals raised in the normal traditional religious family consisting of a father and a mother. The momentous variances in type of religious family upbringing and same-sex marriage are critical in reflecting on the underlying factors that promote same-sex marriage. As was indicated by Baker (2010), individuals raised in loose religion with the parents being homosexuals are likely to support same-sex marriage and may end up as homosexuals in adulthood. Specifically, the authors indicated that 80% of respondents from Protestant churches opposed same-sex marriage citing religious conflict and bad influenced to the society as compared to 63% of respondents from mainstream churches in a sample of 320 self confessed religious respondents. The second hypothesis of this study is that ethnicity influences the perception on homosexual couples becoming legally married couples. It is possible that ethnic traditional societal norms for marriage and relationship may modify an individual’s views on same-sex marriage. Such an individual may struggle to conform to such values and avoid same-sex marriage. As indicated by Sherkat, Vreis, and Creek (2009), racial divide has direct influence on perception about homosexual couples. In a social survey research carri ed out in 2009, they found out that the African American and the Latino ethnic groups had more opposing views on homosexual couples than other ethnic groups in America. Specifically, the authors noted that the African American ethnic group had reservations on homosexual couples due to influence by their conservative culture and Protestantism faith. Specifically, 70% of the respondents from African American ethnicity opposed homosexual marriage unlike the 30% opposition by the white American ethnic groups. The last hypothesis is that the support and opposition of homosexual couples vary with gender in America. Specifically, the male members of the society are more likely to oppose same-sex marriage than the female gender. Through a case study research, Hunter (2012) found out that 67% of the male respondents opposed view of homosexual couples as compared 47% of female respondents in a sample space of 200. The author noted that the main reasons for strong opposition by the male gender was the conflicts of gender roles since the traditional marriage define couple as a man and a woman who have specific roles to fulfill. The female gender supported homosexual couples because of the changing roles in marriage. Method The design of this research was secondary data from the survey done by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC). Through social survey, the semi structured, interpretative, sample-based, and comparative in-depth interviews with key respondents was done over a period of two years from 1998 to 1999. Through qualitative data analysis, the study revealed explicit relationship between same sex marriage and the variables such as gender, religion and ethnicity. Participants The participants for the survey study carried by the National Opinion Research Center through General Social Survey (GSS) were of different ages. The survey targeted 25,000 participants from across the United States of America. The participants included the normal and special population groups. In the process of designing the survey and conducting the interviews, the researchers adopted the proportional sampling technique in selecting the households which qualify to participate in the research. The result for each survey findings were draws without prejudgments from each participant. Since sampling was done across the entire continent, there was proper representation in expected findings. The participants of this survey study were English speaking adults of the legal age limit of 18 years and above. As prerequisite for participation, each participant was expected to be from a non-institutional household. The response rate in this survey was indicated as 71% (Davis and Smith, 2011). Materials The GSS used in this research had closed and open ended questions for the targeted participants on same sex marriage. The questions were designed to test the dependent variable which is ‘same sex marriage’ against the independent variables of ethnicity, religion an d gender. The questions on same sex marriage were directed to the participants who varied in terms of gender, religious inclination, and ethnicity. In addition, the GSS sheet had sections for personal demographic information of each participant such as age, gender, religion inclination and ethnicity. The predetermine responses for gender was female/male, religious inclination was Christian/Muslim/Atheist/Others, and ethnicity was White/Non White. Procedures Validity and reliability determines the accuracy of collected data in research. In order to achieve validity in questions presented in the questionnaire survey, the researchers carry out question pre-testing. The collected quantitative data was coded and passed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version seventeen. In the process, cross tabulation was used to compare and contrast perception on same sex marriage in the US. In order to quantify the relationship between the independent and dependent variable, Chi- square was essential besides figures, charts, and tabular representation of correlation analysis. In the analysis, the researchers adopted the independent approach under which each independent variable was tested against the dependent variable. For each independent variable, a frequency table was generated to explain the relationship as a percentage of the population. The same step was repeated for the other independent variables after which cross tabulation was generated to represent the contingencies of the study. This was followed by Chi-square analysis of the results in order to test the null hypothesis for the three independent variables of gender, religion, and ethnicity. The analysis focused on the disintegrating the variation among and between groups of independent variables. Therefore, Chi-square analysis was meant to establish if there existed a statistical equality between the mean of the three groups of data. The first element of the Chi-square was that it measured the v ariations between groups. This part entailed computing the difference between the mean for each of each independent variable and the mean for the population. To reject the null hypothesis for each of the independent variables, the value of F- calculated was to be greater than the value of F – critical. Results The frequency tables generated were reviewed to find out the perceptions on same sex marriage within the US. The frequency tables generated displayed the perceptions on same sex marriage as varying across different ethnicity, gender, and religion. A close examination of the results revealed interesting relationship between same sex marriage and the three independent variables. Specifically, for the independent variable of religion, 29.9% of the Christians strongly opposed same sex marriage, 5.8% of the Christians opposed same sex marriage, and 26.9% were neutral. Only 21.2% of the Christians strongly supported same sex marriage with 19.2% supporting the same. For the no n-Christians, 25.1% strongly opposed same sex marriage, 15.7% opposed same sex marriage and 12.7% being neutral. Interestingly, the same percentage as Christians strongly supported same sex marriage with 25.3% opposing this union. It is apparent that the Christians strongly oppose same sex marriage as compared to non Christians. Also, non Christians are the strongest supporters of same sex marriage as compared to the Christians. In the second independent variable of ethnicity, the results revealed that the whites are the strongest supporters and the supporters of same sex marriage. Specifically, 24.4% of those who strongly support same sex marriage are white against 11.7% among the non whites. In the elements of support (agree), 24.0% of the whites supports same sex marriage as compared to 28.5% among the non whites. The natural responses also showed clear variances among the whites and non whites. The neutral responses to the research question indicated that 12.6% of the whites did not agree or disagree with the research question unlike 15.1% among the non whites. The 23.4% of the non whites strongly disagreed with the research question against 25.7% among the whites. In the element of disagree, the findings indicated that 13.4% of the whites disagreed with same sex marriage as compared to 21.3% among the non white respondents. In the general findings, 21.4% of the total sample population strongly agreed with the research question as compared to 25.0% who agreed. In addition, 25.2% strongly disagreed as compared to 15.2% who disagreed. The 165 respondents who had a neutral response represented 13.1% of the sample population. In testing the third independent variable of gender, the female gender supported the same sex union more than the male gender. On the other hand, the male gender strongly opposed same sex union. Specifically, the responses of the male gender indicated that 17.6% strongly agreed, 24.6% agreed, 12.4% neither agreed or disagreed, 18.1% disag reed, and 27.4% strongly disagreed with the research question that homosexual couples should have the right to marry one another. On the other hand, the responses of the female gender indicated that 24.6% strongly agreed, 25.4% agreed, 14% neither agreed or disagreed, 12.6% disagreed, and 23.4% strongly disagreed with the research question that homosexual couples should have the right to marry one another. As a percentage of the total population, 21.4% strongly agreed, 25.0% agreed, 13.2% neither agreed or disagreed, 15.1% disagreed, and 25.2% strongly disagreed with the research question that homosexual couples should have the right to marry one another. The first hypothesis of this reflective study was that individuals raised in loose religious foundation are more likely to support same-sex marriage than individuals raised in the normal traditional religious family consisting of a father and a mother. The number of Christians observed as supporting strongly supporting sex marriage was 26.9% (14 respondents) as compared to 25.1% (297 respondents) of the non Christians who strongly opposed same sex marriage. Among the 2001respondents, 2900 were missing. This led to rejection of this hypothesis. This discrepancy could not be ignored since the number of Christian respondents was less than 5% of the non Christian respondents. The second hypothesis of this study was that ethnicity influences the perception on homosexual couples becoming legally married couples. The number of whites observed as supporting strongly supporting sex marriage was 1539 respondents as compared to 493respondents of the non whites who strongly opposed same sex marriage. Among the 2032 respondents, 2869 were missing. This led to rejection of this hypothesis. This discrepancy could not be ignored since the Chi-square expected count of 38.26 since the results indicated 29.498 score. In the last hypothesis which stated that the support and opposition of homosexual couples vary with gender in Am erica, the findings indicated that the male members of the society are more likely to oppose same-sex marriage than the female gender. The number of males observed as supporting strongly supporting sex marriage was 891 as compared to 1986 of the female gender who strongly opposed same sex marriage. Among the 2456 respondents, 2786 were missing. This led to rejection of this hypothesis. This discrepancy could not be ignored since the Chi-square expected count of 75.96 since the results indicated 10.965 score. Discussion Same sex marriage has elicited opposing and support in the American society. The findings indicated that the variables of gender, religion, and ethnicity determine the perceptions of an individual towards this union. Generally, the male gender showed stronger opposition to this union than the female gender. Besides, the whites supported same sex marriage more than the non whites. In addition, Christians strongly opposed same sex marriage by a higher magnitude than the non Christians. Among the concerns raised by those who opposed this union included ethical concerns, changed family roles and bad influence to the society. However, the supporters of same sex marriage noted that it is union of consenting adults whose rights must be respected. The first hypothesis of this reflective study was that individuals raised in loose religious foundation are more likely to support same-sex marriage than individuals raised in the normal traditional religious family. This research was founded upon the study by Baker (2010) which concluded that individuals raised in loose religion with the parents being homosexuals are likely to support same-sex marriage and may end up as homosexuals in adulthood. Same as the findings of Baker (2010), the research by the National Opinion Research Center indicated that Christians opposed same sex marriage by higher magnitude than the non Christians. Apparently, the variable of religion is an indicator of an individual’s p erception on same sex marriage. The second hypothesis of this study was that ethnicity influences the perception on homosexual couples becoming legally married couples. This confirms the study by Sherkat, Vreis, and Creek (2009) which indicated that African American and the Latino ethnic groups had more opposing views on homosexual couples than other ethnic groups in America. Same as the findings of Sherkat, Vreis, and Creek (2009) the research by the National Opinion Research Center indicated that non whites opposed same sex marriage by higher magnitude than the whites. Apparently, the variable of ethnicity is an indicator of an individual’s perception on same sex marriage. The last hypothesis was that the support and opposition of homosexual couples vary with gender in America. This confirms the study by Hunter (2012) which found out that 67% of the male respondents opposed view of homosexual couples as compared 47% of female respondents. Same as the findings of Hunter (201 2) the research by the National Opinion Research Center indicated that males opposed same sex marriage by higher magnitude than the females. Apparently, the variable of gender is an indicator of an individual’s perception on same sex marriage. References Hunter, N. (2012). The future impact of same-sex marriage: More questions than answers. The George Town Law Journal, 100(1), 1855-1879. Baker, B. (2010). Same-Sex Marriage and Religion: An Inappropriate Relationship. e-Research, 1(3). Web. Davis, J.A., Smith, T. W. (2011) General social surveys, 1972-2010[machine-readable data file] /Principal Investigator, James A. Davis; Director and Co-Principal Investigator, Tom W. Smith; Co-Principal Investigator, Peter V. Marsden; Sponsored by National Science Foundation. –NORC ed. — Chicago: National Opinion Research Center [producer];Storrs, CT: The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut [distributor]. Sherkat, D., Vries, K., Creek, S. (200 9). Race, religion, and opposition to same-sex marriage. OpenSIU Journal, 91(1), 80-98. 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The eNotes Blog Top Ten Strangest Questions I’ve Been Asked While Working at a University Library FrontDesk

Top Ten Strangest Questions I’ve Been Asked While Working at a University Library FrontDesk 10. Patron: If I was feeling particularly existentialist, what book would you recommend for me? 9. Patron: Hi. I’m looking for a book called Bay Wolves. Can you help me find it? Me: Sure, let me look it up for you†¦ Hmmm, sorry we don’t have any books by that name. Do you know the author’s name, maybe? Patron: No, but I think it’s spelled kind of weird, like B-E-O wolves. Me: †¦Do you mean Beowulf? 8. Patron: Can you help me find the Law Library? Me: [pulls out a map] The Law Library is right here. You just walk down this street, turn this corner, and you’ll be there. Patron: Thanks, hopefully they’ll have a book about Newton’s Laws. Me: Uh, maybe you’re looking for the Physics Library instead†¦? 7. Patron: Do you have a travel section? Me: Yeah, we have a Study Abroad section. It’s right over there. Patron: Cool. Does that section have Gulliver’s Travels? 6. Patron: Who is the author of Dante’s Inferno? 5. Patron: Hi, I’m looking for a book- The Lord of the Rings. Me: Would you like all three, or are you looking for one of them in particular? Patron: What? It’s not a series. I’m pretty sure there’s only one of them. Me: [confused, but finds him the call numbers for all of them] -an hour later, he returns- Patron: Sorry, I meant Lord of the Flies. 4. Patron: Can I get the biochemistry book? Me: Sure, which one? Patron: Umm, the one with biochemistry questions in it. 3.   Patron: Where is your Shakespeare section? Me: It’s on the third floor, in the â€Å"PR† section. Patron: Cool, thanks. You guys have English versions of them, right? We dont, but its easy enough to translate. 2. Patron: I’m looking for that new book out, by Charles Dickens. Do you have it? Surprise! Dickens is back from the dead! And the winner, one of the most commonly asked questions in the library: 1. Are there books here?

Management and Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Management and Organizational Behavior - Essay Example As a large organization that has been in business for over thirty years, they have a set of mission and core values in place. These include having high level of professionalism and service standards. All these are made possible with the correct recruitment process and retention of professionals that make up the key teams in the business. Being a cost-conscious organization, individual employees are required to account for their time spent at work. This allows the management to ensure that the efficient and effective recoverability of charges turn into profits. The managers are required to provide explanations if these are not met. However, the uneven distribution of jobs result in inaccurate recording of time charges due to the low level of work. Moreover, employees are also questioned and given demerit points if their total charge time is less than 50% on a monthly basis as the management perceive this as being unproductive. Performance appraisal occurs at individual level. These has resulted in low levels of communication, cohesion and poor performance. Different working patterns and different motivational needs exist among the teams. Although there are currently sets of guidelines and checklists available to ensure consistencies in the jobs carried out, there are still occasions when these are ignored. In addition, members of a team are required to act as a backup for one another in case any staffs go on study, maternity or holiday leave. There are also staffs that take on night classes or moonlight due to the competitive remuneration package the organization offers. To minimize the disruption or drop in the standard of work, the management must relook into job distributions that would provide optimal benefits and meet the needs of the staff at the individual and team level. Continuous training and educating the employees are essential in meeting the level of service that is expected of them, and making sure the employees are kept motivated and relevant. Task 2.1: Impact of Problems on Attitudes and Perceptions The problems that are evident in the organization are commonly shared and are influenced by the failure of management to further improve the situation. An attitude is an inclination of a person to positively or negatively react to someone or something in one's environment. On the other hand, a perception is "a process by which individuals organise and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment" (Robbins et al. 2004 p. 45). Perceptions are influenced by a person's traits and background, environment and how a person looks at a situation. The uneven distribution of work creates job dissatisfaction amongst the employees and causes negative attitudes. The lack of job involvement results in low commitment to the organization that may eventually experience problems in retaining professionals. The competitive remuneration package compels low-level employees to seek alternative jobs outside of work to satisfy their needs. Thus, they are unable to give 100% of their performance at work due to fatigue, dissatisfaction and low commitment. Because these negative attitudes arise together with the inaccuracy of accounting for their time due to low volume of work, the